| 1 |
Insulin |
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No summary available. |
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| 2 |
Needle parts, suture |
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No summary available. |
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| 3 |
Dermatology |
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No summary available. |
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| 4 |
Malnutrition related diabetes type 5 |
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None
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https://www.facebook.com/share/v/1ECLu6S3Lo/ |
No summary available. |
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| 5 |
Vitamin deficiency |
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None
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https://www.facebook.com/share/v/18QLVxR7dx/ |
No summary available. |
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| 6 |
Dofference between vomit after cough and cough after vomit |
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https://www.facebook.com/share/v/1DD4ynYTKU/ |
No summary available. |
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| 7 |
Leg |
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No summary available. |
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| 8 |
Paracetamol |
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No summary available. |
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| 9 |
Fever |
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No summary available. |
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| 10 |
INJECTABLES |
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15. Pheniramine (Avil)
Class
H1 antihistamine
Uses
Acute allergic reactions
Dose
25–50 mg IM/IV
Notable points
Used in anaphylaxis adjunct (not first-line; adrenaline is)
16. Dicyclomine
Class
Anticholinergic
Uses
Intestinal colic
Dose
10–20 mg IM
Notable points
Relieves smooth muscle spasm
17. Meropenem
Class
Carbapenem (broad-spectrum β-lactam)
Uses
Severe infections (ICU, sepsis)
Dose
500 mg–1 g IV TDS
Notable points
Reserved drug → antimicrobial stewardship
18. Amikacin
Class
Aminoglycoside
Uses
Gram-negative infections
Dose
15 mg/kg/day IV/IM
Notable points
Nephrotoxicity + ototoxicity
Monitor levels
19. Insulin
Class
Hormone
Uses
Diabetes mellitus
Dose
Individualized
Notable points
Only drug for type 1 DM
Risk: hypoglycemia |
No summary available. |
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| 11 |
🔵 ANALGESICS |
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10. Paracetamol (already covered)
11. Ibuprofen
Class
NSAID (propionic acid)
Uses
Pain, inflammation
Dose
200–400 mg TDS
Notable points
COX inhibitor
GI irritation
12. Aceclofenac
Class
NSAID
Uses
Musculoskeletal pain
Dose
100 mg BD
Notable points
Better tolerated than diclofenac
13. Diclofenac
Class
NSAID
Uses
Severe pain
Dose
50 mg BD/TDS
Notable points
High GI + CV risk
Avoid long-term
14. Naproxen
Class
NSAID
Uses
Chronic pain, arthritis
Dose
250–500 mg BD
Notable points
Longer half-life |
No summary available. |
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| 12 |
TRAVEL MEDICINES |
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- Promethazine (Avomine),ClassH1antihistamine (1st gen),UsesMotion sicknessVomiting
- Dose
- 25 mg before travel
- Notable points
- Sedation prominent
- Anticholinergic effects
- Ranitidine (Aciloc)
- Class
- H2 receptor antagonist
- Uses
- GERD, acidity
- Dose
- 150 mg BD
- Notable points
- Now largely replaced by PPIs (e.g., omeprazole)
- Cetirizine
- Class
- H1 antihistamine (2nd gen)
- Uses
- Allergy, urticaria
- Dose
- 10 mg OD
- Notable points
- Minimal sedation
- Paracetamol (Dolo 650)
- Class
- Analgesic + antipyretic
- Uses
- Fever, mild pain
- Dose
- 500–1000 mg every 6–8 hrs
- Max: 4 g/day
- Notable points
- Hepatotoxic in overdose (NAPQI pathway)
- Oral Rehydration Salts
- Class
- Electrolyte solution
- Uses
- Diarrhea, dehydration
- Dose
- As per dehydration status
- Notable points
- WHO formula: NaCl + glucose + KCl + citrate
- Life-saving in diarrheal diseases
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5. Promethazine (Avomine)
Class
H1 antihistamine (1st gen)
Uses
Motion sickness
Vomiting
Dose
25 mg before travel
Notable points
Sedation prominent
Anticholinergic effects
6. Ranitidine (Aciloc)
Class
H2 receptor antagonist
Uses
GERD, acidity
Dose
150 mg BD
Notable points
Now largely replaced by PPIs (e.g., omeprazole)
7. Cetirizine
Class
H1 antihistamine (2nd gen)
Uses
Allergy, urticaria
Dose
10 mg OD
Notable points
Minimal sedation
8. Paracetamol (Dolo 650)
Class
Analgesic + antipyretic
Uses
Fever, mild pain
Dose
500–1000 mg every 6–8 hrs
Max: 4 g/day
Notable points
Hepatotoxic in overdose (NAPQI pathway)
9. Oral Rehydration Salts
Class
Electrolyte solution
Uses
Diarrhea, dehydration
Dose
As per dehydration status
Notable points
WHO formula: NaCl + glucose + KCl + citrate
Life-saving in diarrheal diseases |
Treatment includes Promethazine (Avomine),ClassH1antihistamine (1st gen),UsesMotion sicknessVomiting
Dose
25 mg before travel
Notable points
Sedation prominent
Anticholinergic effects
6. Ranitidine (Aciloc)
Class
H2 receptor antagonist
Uses
GERD, acidity
Dose
150 mg BD
Notable points
Now largely replaced by PPIs (e.g., omeprazole)
7. Cetirizine
Class
H1 antihistamine (2nd gen)
Uses
Allergy, urticaria
Dose
10 mg OD
Notable points
Minimal sedation
8. Paracetamol (Dolo 650)
Class
Analgesic + antipyretic
Uses
Fever, mild pain
Dose
500–1000 mg every 6–8 hrs
Max: 4 g/day
Notable points
Hepatotoxic in overdose (NAPQI pathway)
9. Oral Rehydration Salts
Class
Electrolyte solution
Uses
Diarrhea, dehydration
Dose
As per dehydration status
Notable points
WHO formula: NaCl + glucose + KCl + citrate
Life-saving in diarrheal diseases. |
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| 13 |
Antibiotics |
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- 🔴 1. Amoxicillin
- Class
- Aminopenicillin (β-lactam antibiotic)
- Drug component
- Amoxicillin (often combined with clavulanic acid → co-amoxiclav)
- Uses
- URTI: sinusitis, otitis media
- LRTI: community-acquired pneumonia
- UTI (limited due to resistance)
- H. pylori regimen
- Dental infections
- Dose
- Adult: 500 mg TDS or 875 mg BD
- Pediatric: 20–40 mg/kg/day (divided doses)
- Notable points
- Time-dependent killing
- Resistance via β-lactamase → combine with clavulanate
- Safe in pregnancy
- Rash in Infectious mononucleosis
- 🔴 2. Ciprofloxacin
- Class
- Fluoroquinolone
- Drug component
- Ciprofloxacin HCl
- Uses
- UTI (especially gram-negative)
- GI infections (traveler’s diarrhea)
- Pseudomonas infections
- Typhoid fever
- Dose
- 500–750 mg BD (oral)
- Notable points
- Inhibits DNA gyrase (bactericidal)
- Avoid in pregnancy & children (cartilage toxicity)
- Tendon rupture risk (Achilles)
- QT prolongation
- 🔴 3. Azithromycin
- Class
- Macrolide
- Drug component
- Azithromycin
- Uses
- Atypical pneumonia (Mycoplasma, Chlamydia)
- URTI
- STIs (Chlamydia)
- Typhoid (alternative)
- Dose
- 500 mg OD × 3–5 days
- Notable points
- Long half-life → once daily dosing
- Fewer drug interactions than erythromycin
- QT prolongation
- 🔴 4. Doxycycline
- Class
- Tetracycline
- Drug component
- Doxycycline hyclate
- Uses
- Acne vulgaris
- Malaria (prophylaxis)
- Rickettsial infections
- STIs
- Dose
- 100 mg BD (day 1), then 100 mg OD
- Notable points
- Photosensitivity
- Avoid in pregnancy & children (<8 yrs)
- Esophagitis → take with water
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Treatment includes 🔴 1. Amoxicillin
Class
Aminopenicillin (β-lactam antibiotic)
Drug component
Amoxicillin (often combined with clavulanic acid → co-amoxiclav)
Uses
URTI: sinusitis, otitis media
LRTI: community-acquired pneumonia
UTI (limited due to resistance)
H. pylori regimen
Dental infections
Dose
Adult: 500 mg TDS or 875 mg BD
Pediatric: 20–40 mg/kg/day (divided doses)
Notable points
Time-dependent killing
Resistance via β-lactamase → combine with clavulanate
Safe in pregnancy
Rash in Infectious mononucleosis
🔴 2. Ciprofloxacin
Class
Fluoroquinolone
Drug component
Ciprofloxacin HCl
Uses
UTI (especially gram-negative)
GI infections (traveler’s diarrhea)
Pseudomonas infections
Typhoid fever
Dose
500–750 mg BD (oral)
Notable points
Inhibits DNA gyrase (bactericidal)
Avoid in pregnancy & children (cartilage toxicity)
Tendon rupture risk (Achilles)
QT prolongation
🔴 3. Azithromycin
Class
Macrolide
Drug component
Azithromycin
Uses
Atypical pneumonia (Mycoplasma, Chlamydia)
URTI
STIs (Chlamydia)
Typhoid (alternative)
Dose
500 mg OD × 3–5 days
Notable points
Long half-life → once daily dosing
Fewer drug interactions than erythromycin
QT prolongation
🔴 4. Doxycycline
Class
Tetracycline
Drug component
Doxycycline hyclate
Uses
Acne vulgaris
Malaria (prophylaxis)
Rickettsial infections
STIs
Dose
100 mg BD (day 1), then 100 mg OD
Notable points
Photosensitivity
Avoid in pregnancy & children (<8 yrs)
Esophagitis → take with water. |
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| 14 |
Fungal infection |
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Fungal infection |
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- Clotrin(brand name)
- antifungal medications containing clotrimazole (
- ), primarily used to treat fungal infections of the skin, ear, and mouth. It works by destroying the fungal cell membrane, relieving symptoms like itching, redness, and irritation. Common forms include creams, ear drops, lotions, and powde
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None
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Diagnosis suggests fungal infection. Treatment includes Clotrin(brand name)
antifungal medications containing clotrimazole (
), primarily used to treat fungal infections of the skin, ear, and mouth. It works by destroying the fungal cell membrane, relieving symptoms like itching, redness, and irritation. Common forms include creams, ear drops, lotions, and powde. |
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| 15 |
Skin lightening |
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- Glyco 6 (brand name)
- Glyco 6 Cream is a skin cream with glycolic acid as the main ingredient to help reduce acne and pimples. It aids in minimising dark spots, pimples and acne marks. Glycolic acid has antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties.
- Key Ingredients:
- Glycolic Acid 6% w/w In a Cream Base
- Key Benefits:
- Glycolic acid can help minimise the appearance of dark spots and pigmentation on the skinIt gently exfoliates the skin and makes it brighterIt helps reduce inflammation and unclogs pores
- Concerns It Can Help With:
- Dry skinAcneHyperpigmentation
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None
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Treatment includes Glyco 6 (brand name)
Glyco 6 Cream is a skin cream with glycolic acid as the main ingredient to help reduce acne and pimples. It aids in minimising dark spots, pimples and acne marks. Glycolic acid has antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties.
Key Ingredients:
Glycolic Acid 6% w/w In a Cream Base
Key Benefits:
Glycolic acid can help minimise the appearance of dark spots and pigmentation on the skinIt gently exfoliates the skin and makes it brighterIt helps reduce inflammation and unclogs pores
Concerns It Can Help With:
Dry skinAcneHyperpigmentation. |
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| 16 |
Muscle pain |
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- Omnigel (brand name)
- Uses: Provides relief from muscle soreness, joint stiffness, sprains, backaches, and osteoarthritis
- .
- Key Ingredients: Contains diclofenac (pain relief), methyl salicylate and menthol (counter-irritants), and linseed oil (anti-inflammatory).
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None
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Treatment includes Omnigel (brand name)
Uses: Provides relief from muscle soreness, joint stiffness, sprains, backaches, and osteoarthritis
.
Key Ingredients: Contains diclofenac (pain relief), methyl salicylate and menthol (counter-irritants), and linseed oil (anti-inflammatory).. |
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| 17 |
Skin |
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- Betadine (brand name)
- Povidone ointment (drug name)
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Antiseptic |
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None
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Treatment includes Betadine (brand name)
Povidone ointment (drug name). |
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| 18 |
Ophthalmology op drugs |
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- Sodium chloride ophthalmic solution -used to rekieve corneal edema
- dilators/mydriatic drugs-
- Tropicamide
- Atropine
- Homatropine
- Cyclopentolate
- Phenylephrine(only mydriatric not a cycloplegic drug)
- proparacaine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution- topical anaesthetic
- faricimab-intravitreal injection
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None
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Treatment includes 1.Sodium chloride ophthalmic solution -used to rekieve corneal edema
2.dilators/mydriatic drugs-
Tropicamide
Atropine
Homatropine
Cyclopentolate
Phenylephrine(only mydriatric not a cycloplegic drug)
3.proparacaine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution- topical anaesthetic
4.faricimab-intravitreal injection. |
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| 19 |
NAME:THRA skin |
Itching and papules |
Lichen planus |
Biopsy |
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- Omnacortil -10 mg prednisolone
- pan 40 mg tab (pantoprazole)
- bilagra 20 mg tab (bilastine)
- xyzal 5mg tab (levocetrizine)
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None
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Patient presents with symptoms of itching and papules in the nAME:THRA skin. Recommended tests: biopsy. Diagnosis suggests lichen planus. Treatment includes 1.Omnacortil -10 mg prednisolone
2.pan 40 mg tab (pantoprazole)
3.bilagra 20 mg tab (bilastine)
4.xyzal 5mg tab (levocetrizine). |
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